Table 1 Overview of licensed immunoglobulins used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases

Intravenous immunoglobulins

Intravenous Ig (IVIG)

Asceniv®; Bivigam®; Carimune®;  Flebogamma® DIF; Gammagard ®liquid, S/D; Gammaplex®; Gamunex-C®; Intratect®; Kiovig®; Nanogam®;  Octagam®; Panzyga®; Privigen®

Primary immune deficiencies, other

Various (FDA and or EMA)

i.v.

Cutaquig®; Cuvitru®; Gammanorm®; Hizentra®; HyQvia®; Evogam®; Vivaglobin® Xembify®

Primary immune deficiencies, other

Various (FDA and or EMA)

i.m./s.c.

Strimvelis®;

ADA-SCID

2016 (EMA)

i.v.

Hyperimmune globulins

Hepatitis A-Ig

HNIG; GamaSTAN® S/D; Beriglobin® P

PrEP and PEP hepatitis A virus

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

i.m.

Hepatitis B-Ig

Zutectra®; HepaGam B®; HyperHEP B®; Nabi-HB®; Hepatect® CP

PrEP and PEP hepatitis B virus

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

i.v. /i.m.

Varicella-zoster Ig

VARIZIG®; Zoster Ig-VF;

PEP Varicella Zoster Virus

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

i.m.

Tetanus Ig

HTIG; Tetagam® P; Tetanus Ig-VF IM; HyperTET® S/D

PEP tetanus

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

i.m.

Rabies Ig

HRIG; Berirab® P; Imogam® Rabies; Rabies-HT; Kedrab®; Hyperrab®

PEP rabies

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

s.c.

Cytomegalovirus Ig

Megalotect®; Cytogam®

PrEP cytomegalovirus

Various (FDA, EMA or other)

i.v.

Anthrax Ig

Anthrasil®

Treatment of inhalational anthrax

2015 (FDA)

i.v.

Botulin Ig

BabyBIG®

Treatment of infant botulism caused by toxin types A and B

2003 (FDA)

i.v.

Vaccinia Ig

none

Treatment of vaccinia, PEP variola

2010 (FDA)

i.v.

Hyperimmune sera

Diphtheria antitoxin (equine)

DAT

Treatment of symptomatic diphtheria

unlicensed

i.v.

Botulism Antitoxin (equine)

Botulism Antitoxin Bivalent (Equine) Types A and B; BAT (Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)

Treatment of symptomatic botulism

2005 (FDA)/ 2013 (FDA)

i.v.

Monoclonal antibodies

Palivizumab

Synagis®

PrEP RSV

1998 (FDA)/1999 (EMA)

i.m.

Raxibacumab

none

PEP, and treatment of anthrax

2012 (FDA)/2014 (EMA, os)

i.v.

Obiltoxaximab

Anthim®

PEP, and treatment of anthrax

2016 (FDA)/2020 (EMA)

i.v.

Bezlotoxumab

Zinplava®

PrEP C. difficile

2016 (FDA)/2017 (EMA)

i.v.

Ibalizumab

Trogarzo®

Treatment of HIV-1

2018 (FDA)/2019 (EMA)

i.v.

Docaravimab/miromavimab

TwinRab™/RabiMabs™

PEP rabies

2019 (FDA, os)

s.c.

Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab

Inmazeb®

Treatment of Ebola

2018 (EMA, os); 2020 (FDA, os)

i.v.

Porgaviximab

Zmapp®

Treatment of Ebola

2015 (EMA os, 2021 withdrawn)

i.v.

Ansuvimab

Ebanga™

Treatment of Ebola

2020 (FDA)

i.v.

Casirivimab/Imdevimab

Ronapreve®

PrEP, PEP, treatment of COVID

2020 (FDA, 2022)/2021 (EMA)

s.c./i.v.

Sotrovimab

Xevudy

Treatment of COVID

2021 (FDA, 2022)/2021 (EMA)

i.v.

Bamlanivimab/etesevimab

none

PEP, treatment of COVID

2021 (FDA, 2022)

i.v.

Regdanvimab

Regkirona™

Treatment of COVID

2021 (EMA)

i.v.

Tixagevimab/cilgavimab

Evusheld™

PrEP COVID

2021 (FDA)/2022 (EMA)

i.m.

Tocilizumab

RoActemra®/Tyenne®

Treatment of COVID

2021(FDA)/2021(EMA); EMA(2023)

i.v./s.c.

Nirsevimab

Beyfortus®

PrEP RSV

2022 (EMA)

i.m.