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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study sample (N = 222)

From: The occurrence and extent of anxiety and distress among Dutch travellers after encountering an animal associated injury

General characteristics and anxiety and distress scores

 

N (variable)

Age in years (mean, SD)

30.0 (13.2)

220

Number of men, N (%)

99 (44.6%)

222

Received PrEP, N (%)

66 (30.3%)

218

WHO region

 

222

 South-East Asia, N (%)

104 (46.8%)

 

 Western Pacific, N (%)

37 (16.7%)

 

 Europe, N (%)

28 (12.6%)

 

 South America, N (%)

18 (8.1%)

 

 Africa, N (%)

13 (5.9%)

 

 Eastern Mediterranean, N (%)

10 (4.5%)

 

 Central America, N (%)

7 (3.2%)

 

 North America, N (%)

5 (2.3%)

 

Travel duration in days (median, IQR)

25 (47.8)

200

Type of animal

 

221

 Dog, N (%)

117 (52.9%)

 

 Monkey, N (%)

54 (24.4%)

 

 Cat, N (%)

42 (19.0%)

 

 Bat, N (%)

5 (2.3%)

 

 Rodent, N (%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 Other, N (%)

3 (1.4%)

 

Provocation

 

200

 Provoked AAI, N (%)

25 (12.5%)

 

 Unexpected AAI, N (%)

175 (87.5%)

 

Location injury

 

220

 Arm/hand area, N (%)

93 (42.3%)

 

 Calf/foot area, N (%)

88 (40.0%)

 

 Thigh, N (%)

22 (10.0%)

 

 Head/neck area, N (%)

11 (5.0%)

 

 Thorax, N (%)

4 (1.8%)

 

 Other, N (%)

2 (0.9%)

 

WHO classification wound

 

215

 Type I, N (%)

15 (7.0%)

 

 Type II, N (%)

58 (27.0%)

 

 Type III, N (%)

142 (66.0%)

 

HADS score1

  

 T1, mean (SD)

2.4 (2.7)

177

 T2, mean (SD)

9.6 (5.7)

177

 T3, mean (SD)

6.6 (5.4)

145

DT score2

 T1, mean (SD)

1.3 (2.0)

167

 T2, mean (SD)

6.4 (2.7)

167

 T3, mean (SD)

4.6 (3.1)

140

Informed about rabies at T1, N (%)

100 (57.1%)

175

Informed about rabies at T2, N (%)

130 (74.3%)

175

Delay PEP

 

181

 No delay, N (%)

95 (52.5%)

 

 Delay under 48 h, N (%)

45 (24.9%)

 

 Delay over 48 h, N (%)

41 (22.7%)

 

Received treatment according to advice, N (%)

125 (71.8%)

174

  1. List of abbreviations: N Number of valid cases in total, SD Standard deviation, IQR Inter-quartile range, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, DT Distress Thermometer, AAI Animal Associated Injury, PrEP Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, WHO World Health Organisation, PEP Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
  2. 1, 2The number of valid cases for the scores of the HADS at T3 was N = 145 and for the DT at T3 N = 140, thereby deviating from the numbers at T1 and T2 as for some travellers no further medical action was required. Higher HADS and DT scores indicate higher anxiety and distress levels. The maximum score for HADS is 21, for DT the maximum score is 10