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Table 5 Likely phase of disease progression for leptospirosis qPCR-positive patients as defined by sample positivity in sera and/or urine specimens. Participants with Leptospira evidence only in sera were classified to be in the onset phase, those with evidence in both sera and urine were classified in the dissemination phase, and those with evidence only in urine were classified in the excretion phase

From: Leptospirosis infections among hospital patients, Sarawak, Malaysia

Phase

No. of Patients

DPSO* Range

Sera Mean Cq (Range)

Urine Mean Cq (Range)

Onset

12

2–6

37.16 (35.36–39.45)

Dissemination

8

0–5

36.57 (34.80–39.60)

35.77 (27.17–39.85)

Excretion

25

0–8

37.38 (29.23–39.96)

  1. *Days post-symptom onset (DPSO): fever duration at time of enrolment and sampling as self-reported by the patient. Real-time PCR-determined cycle threshold (Cq)