Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, determinants and treatment outcome

Table 2 Prevalence of primary and multidrug resistance

Studies included	Sample size			Primary drug resistance %			MDR % among
Studies included	New	Re-treated	Total	Any drug	INH	RMP	New	re-treatment	over all
Demissie et al. 1997	167	0	167	15.6	8.4	1.8	NR	NR	1.2
Gebeyehu, 2001	195	19	195	19.5	7.6	0	NR	NR	0.5
Bruchfeld, 2002	103	18	121	14	8.3	2.5	NR	NR	0.8
Asmamaw et al., 2008	173	0	173	21.4	13.3	1.2	NR	NR	0.6
Meskel et al. 2008	0	84	84	53.6	NR	NR	NR	26.2	26.2
Agonafir, 2010	44	63	107	60.8	54.2	43.9	2.3	71.4	43
Abate et al., 2012	0	376	376	72.9	56.1	46.5		46.3	46.3
Abebe et al. 2012	136	0	136	18.4	13.2	2.2	1.5	NR	1.5
Tessema et al. 2012	214	46	260	15.8	13.8	5.8	3.7	10.9	5
Yimer et al. 2012	93	0	93	30.1	20.4	3.2	1.1	NR	1.1
Hussein et al. 2013	93	9	102	36.3	29.4	13.7	11.8	11.1	11.8
Biadglegne et al.2014	213	13	226	NR	NR	NR	1.4	0	1.3
Esmael et al. 2014	165	65	230	33.5	NR	NR	1.8	18.5	6.5
Daniel et al. 2014	NR	NR	40	NR	NR	NR	6.3	12.5	7.5
Seyoum et al. 2014	357	0	357	23	14	2.8	1.1	NR	1.1
Tekle et al. 2014	75	12	87	16.5	12.6	2.3	1.3	8.3	2.3
Abdella et al., 2015	79	0	79	58.6	51.4	32.9	NR	31.4	31.4
Adane et al. 2015	77	12	89	20.23	6.74	5.62	1.3	16.7	3.4
Maru et al. 2015	103	15	118	17.8	13.55	0	0	13.3	1.7
Mekonnen et al. 2015	88	36	124	NR	NR	NR	2.3	13.9	5.6
Ali et al. 2016	NR	NR	109	24.77	7.34	5.5	NR	NR	3.67
Hamussie et al. 2016	85	21	106	21.7	13.2	7.5	2.4	14.3	4.7
Brhane et al., 2017	67	31	98	18.4	NR	8.2	4.5	22.6	10.2
Weighted mean	–	–	–	31.1	21.65	13.4	2.18*	21.07*	7.24*
Total N	2527	820	3477	3087	2675	2460	2527	820	3477

INH-Isoniazid, RMP-rifampicin, NR = Not reported * value indicates polled prevalence from random effect model

ISSN: 2055-0936