Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Overall (n = 452) | Women (n = 361) | Men (n = 91) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
General characteristics | ||||
Mean age (years) | 44.4 ± 9.8 | 43.7 ± 9.9 | 47.2 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
Unmarried, n (%) | 251 (55.5) | 227 (62.9) | 24 (26.4) | <0.001 |
Secondary education or higher, n (%) | 289 (63.9) | 227 (62.9) | 62 (68.1) | 0.351 |
Urban residence, n (%) | 381 (84.3) | 305 (84.5) | 76 (83.5) | 0.820 |
Unemployed, n (%) | 219 (48.5) | 196 (54.3) | 23 (25.3) | <0.001 |
Family past history of premature CVD, n (%) | 46 (10.2) | 36 (10.0) | 10 (11.0) | 0.774 |
Tobacco use, n (%) | 27 (6.0) | 10 (2.8) | 17 (18.7) | <0.001 |
HIV infection | ||||
Antiretroviral (ART) use, n (%) | 400 (88.5) | 328 (90.9) | 72 (79.1) | 0.002 |
Median duration ART in months (25th-75th percentile) | 72 (35–108) | 72.0 (34.0-108.0) | 74.0 (36.0 – 106.5) | 0.971 |
First line treatment, n (%) | 373/400 (93.3) | 304/328 (92.7) | 69/72 (95.8) | 0.442 |
NVP (NNRTI)-based ART, n (%) | 78/373 (20.9) | 67/304 (22.0) | 11/69 (15.9) | 0.261 |
EFV (NNRTI)-based ART, n (%) | 295/373 (79.1) | 237/304 (78.0) | 58/69 (84.1) | 0.261 |
PI-based ART, n (%) | 27/400 (6.8) | 24/328 (7.3) | 33/72 (4.2) | 0.442 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Mean systolic Blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.4 ± 22.5 | 122.6 ± 23.0 | 126.5 ± 20.3 | 0.120 |
Mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 13.5 | 81.3 ± 13.6 | 81.1 ± 13.2 | 0.909 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 60 (13.3) | 48 (13.3) | 12 (13.2) | 0.978 |
Mean body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.3 | 26.2 ± 5.5 | 24.0 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
Obesity, n (%) | 218 (48.0) | 188 (52.1) | 29 (31.9) | 0.001 |
Mean waist circumference (cm) | 82.1 ± 11.6 | 82.3 ± 11.9 | 81.0 ± 10.5 | 0.303 |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 195 (43.1) | 185 (51.2) | 10 (11.0) | <0.001 |
Mean hip circumference (cm) | 95.1 ± 11.2 | 96.0 ± 12.0 | 91.4 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
Mean waist/hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
Biological characteristics | ||||
Median CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 375 (245–532) | 375 (245–532) | 365 (257–504) | 0.926 |
Mean fasting glycaemia (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 0.236 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 9 (2.0) | 6 (1.7) | 3 (3.3) | 0.318 |
Mean total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 0.238 |
Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 26 (5.8) | 22 (6.1) | 4 (4.4) | 0.534 |
Mean HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.003 |
Low HDL, n (%) | 106 (23.5) | 85 (23.5) | 21 (23.1) | 0.925 |
Mean triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.012 |
Hypertriglyceridaemia, n (%) | 35 (7.7) | 25 (6.9) | 10 (11.0) | 0.195 |
Mean LDLcholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 0.788 |
High LDL cholesterol, n (%) | 17 (3.8) | 13 (3.6) | 4 (4.4) | 0.722 |
Any dyslipidemia, n (%) | 153 (33.8) | 122 (33.8) | 31 (34.1) | 0.961 |
Median 5-year CVD risk | ||||
DAD equation | 0.6% (0.3-1.3) | 0.5% (0.3-0.9) | 1.4% (0.8-2.7) | <0.001 |
Framingham equation | 0.7% (0.2-2.0) | 0.5% (0.2-1.5) | 1.8% (0.9-4) | <0.001 |