Table 2 Study characteristics regarding diagnosis and treatments of rat lung worm disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in travelers (n = 84)
From: Transmission sources and severe rat lung worm diseases in travelers: a scoping review
Country (ref) | Time to diagnosis | Time to treatment | CSF white blood cells (cells/mm3) | CSF eosinophils (%) | Confirmation test (no positive/total patients) | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taiwan [23] | 4–23 days | NA | 0–1660 | 0–20 | Serum Ab (16/17) CSF Ab (5/17)b | Steroid | Recovered |
Taiwan [24] | 3–80 days | NA | 0–1660 | 0–73 | Serum Ab (30/31) CSF Ab (5/17) | Steroid | Recovered with 2 deaths |
USA [18] | 4Â weeks | 2Â weeks | 152 | 25 | NA | Aspirin, acetaminophen | Improved 8Â days |
USA [25] | 5Â days | 4Â weeks | 246 | 3 | Serum Ab to 31Â kDa | None | 3Â months |
USA [27] | 6–31 days | NA | 18–765 | 0-54a | Serum Ab to 31 kDa (11/12) | Opioids, NSAIDs, steroid, LP | Improved 4–8 weeks |
USA [30] | NA | 3Â days | 278 | 61 | Serum and CSF to 31Â kDa | Brufen, gabapentin | Improved 8Â weeks |
USA [38] | 1.5Â months | 1Â month | 270 | 12 | CSF PCR | LP, steroid | Improved 2Â months |
USA [41] | 5Â weeks | 2Â weeks | NA | 1st: 55 (0) 2nd: 754 (44) | Serum, CSF convalescent Ab to 31Â kDa | Albendazole | NA |
USA [47] | 1–6 days | NA | 12–2800 | 10–35 | Serum ELISA (10/10) | Thiabendazole | Recovered 4–6 weeks with one death |
France [35] | NA | 14Â days | 1400 | 35 | Serum convalescent Ab | Steroid, ivermectin | Improved 2Â months with relapse at 6Â months |
Australia [22] | NA | 6Â days | 55 | 0 | Autopsy larva in pulmonary artery | IV methylprednisolone | Death |
Australia [29] | NA | 1Â week | 435 | 45 | Serum Ab to 31Â kDa | NA | Intubated |
Switzerland [28] | Few days | NA | 502 | 23 | Serum Ab to 200, 95, 55, 31Â kDa | NA | NA |
Switzerland [44] | 2Â weeks | NA | 1067 | 25 | Serum convalescent Ab | Albendazole, steroid | Improved 2Â weeks |
Netherland [37] | NA | 7Â days | 1323 | 0 | CSF PCR | NA | NA |
Germany [31] | 1Â weeks | 3Â weeks | NA | NA | CSF Ab | Oral albendazole, steroid | Improved 4Â weeks |
Croatia [4] | 35Â days | 17Â days | 320 | 6.5 | Immunoblotting 31Â kDa | Repeated LP | Improved 1Â month |
Belgium [34] | NA | 27Â days | 342 | 40 | Serum Ab | IV methylprednisolone | Improved 5Â months |