Fig. 1

Comparison of positive serological leptospirosis results for patients presenting with febrile illness to study hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia according to various diagnostic methods used. Participants were defined as having leptospirosis if at least two out of three serological tests were found to be positive and/or molecular evidence of Leptospira was identified through qPCR in either participant sera or urine. ^* RDT: Rapid diagnostic test, Leptorapide latex agglutination test (Linnodee, Ltd., Antrim, Northern Ireland). ^† MAT: Microagglutination testing, as carried out by the Institute of Medical Research reference lab in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, only partial results available. ^‡ ELISA: Leptospira IgM ELISA assay (PanBio, Queensland, Australia)