Table 8 Information about country-specific vaccines, subtype, current production/clinical trials status, comments about limitations and other limitations
From: Vaccine market and production capabilities in the Americas
Country | Type of vaccine | Leading Institute | Immunological strategy | Stage of development | Comments/limitations and possible side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | Junin virus (JUNV) vaccine against Argentinian hemorrhagic fever | National Institute of Human Viral Diseases (ANLIS), Argentina | Cell culture with the virus molecular constructs [78]. | Based on phase 3, Clinical Trial: Candid#1 vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever produced in Argentina is authorized for marketing in Argentina. Immunogenicity and safety [79] No Clinical Trial Registry. FDA’s Investigational New Drug Application #2257 | With the use of the vaccine in high-risk individuals, AHF incidence has declined, but cases continue to be reported [80]. |
Brazil | Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine | Butantan and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) | Live attenuated tetravalent DEN virus to provide immunity to each of the four serotypes of DEN [81] | NCT02406729, Phase 3, Ongoing. NCT01696422, Phase 2 results demonstrated safety and induced robust, balanced, neutralizing antibody responses against the four DENV serotypes, in both naive and pre-exposed volunteers, after a single dose [82]. | Limitation of the previous unique vaccine approved CYD-DTV has shown that age and previous exposure status of vaccine recipients to dengue virus had a significant effect on the safety and efficacy of the vaccine [82]. The tetravalent vaccine expects to overcome this limitation. |
Zika Vaccine | Butantan Institute | Live, DENV-vectored vaccine expressing pre membrane/ membrane and envelope proteins Purified inactivated virus | Early-stage research [83] | ||
Bio-Manguinhos | Purified inactivated virus YF17DD chimera VLP DNA | ||||
Colombia | Malaria SPf66 vaccine | Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Colombia | Synthetic vaccine against the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum | No registry in Clinicaltrials.gov Results published concluded that synthetic SPf66 vaccine may be used as a safe and highly immunogenic vaccine, suitable to protect high-risk populations such as children under 5 years of age resident in hyper- and holo-endemic areas, such as Africa or some regions of Latin America [84] | A posterior Cochrane systematic review reported no evidence for protection by SPf66 vaccines against P. falciparum in Africa and a modest reduction in attacks of P. falciparum in South America. Further research with SPf66 vaccines in South America or with new formulations of SPf66 may be justified [85] |
Malaria vaccine against Plasmodium vivax | Malaria Vaccine and Drug Development Center, Colombia | Vaccine derived from the synthetic CS protein of Plasmodium vivax | NCT02083068, Phase II, completed, no results posted | ||
Mexico | Vacuna Antipoliomielítica Bivalente Oral | Birmex | NCT01870206 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety in Mexican Newborns. Status Unknown |