Temperature integrity and exposure of vaccines to suboptimal temperatures in cold chain devices at different levels in three states of India

Table 4 Continuous episodes of temperature excursion above 8 °C in cold chain devices

		Total observation period^a (hours)	Exposure to temperature > 8 °C
			Total duration^a (hours)	Total continuous episodes duration^a (hours)	Duration of continuous episodes^b
			Total duration^a (hours)	Total continuous episodes duration^a (hours)	≤1 h	> 1–9 h	≥10 h
State and Divisions	Bihar	4107.5	302.7	14.5	4.25	8	2.25
	Gujarat	1395	26	7	7	0	0
	Kerala	860.5	3.5	0.2	0	0.25	0
	Total	6363	332.2	21.7	11.25	8.25	2.25
District	Bihar	5163.7	1318.7	2.2	0	0.5	1.75
	Gujarat	3228.7	14.5	0.5	0.25	0	0.25
	Kerala	1914.5	0.5	0.2	0.25	0	0
	Total	10,307	1333.7	3	0.5	0.5	2
Sub-district	Bihar	23,728.2	1846.2	28.5	8.75	11.75	8
	Gujarat	12,115.2	186	6.5	4	1.2	1.2
	Kerala	6526.2	182.7	2.2	0.5	0	1.7
	Total	42,369.7	2215	38.2	13.5	12.7	12
WICs	Bihar	3483.2	299.2	13.7	3.7	8	2
	Gujarat	1036.7	26	7	7	0	0
	Kerala	718.5	3.5	0.2	0	0.2	0
	Total	5238.5	328.7	21	10.7	8.2	2
ILRs	Bihar	28,452.2	2578	27.2	9	11.2	7.5
	Gujarat	15,702.2	200.5	7.5	4.5	1.2	1.5
	Kerala	8582.7	183.2	2.5	0.7	0	1.7
	Total	52,737.2	2961.7	37.2	14.2	12.5	10.7
Other devices^c	Bihar	1064	590.5	4.75	0.7	0.7	3.2
Other devices^c	Total	1064	590.5	4.7	0.7	0.7	3.2
Pooled all levels	Bihar	32,999.5	3467.7	46.2	13.5	20	12.7
	Gujarat	16,739	226.5	14.5	11.5	1.2	1.5
	Kerala	9301.2	186.7	2.7	0.7	0.2	1.7
	Total	59,039.7	3881	63.2	25.7	21.5	16

WIC Walk-in cooler, ILR Ice lined refrigerator
^a Duration in hours
^b A continuous episode above 8 °C was counted when readings were continuously above 8 °C for at least 45 min or more
^c Other devices (domestic refrigerator and cold boxes) were used for vaccine storage in Bihar only at the time of the study

ISSN: 2055-0936