Temperature integrity and exposure of vaccines to suboptimal temperatures in cold chain devices at different levels in three states of India

Table 3 Continuous episodes of temperature excursion below 0 °C in cold chain devices

		Total observation period^a	Exposure to temperature < 0 °C
			Total duration^a (hours)	Total continuous episodes duration^a (hours)	Duration of continuous episodes^b
			Total duration^a (hours)	Total continuous episodes duration^a (hours)	≤1 h	> 1–9 h	≥10 h
State and Division	Bihar	4107.5	540	28.9	12.7	14	2.2
	Gujarat	1395	5.75	0.7	0.2	0.5	0
	Kerala	860.5	0	0	0	0	0
	Total	6363	545.7	29.7	13	14.5	2.2
District	Bihar	5163.7	666.7	5.9	0.7	2.7	2.5
	Gujarat	3228.7	4.5	0.7	0	0.7	0
	Kerala	1914.5	19	1	0	1	0
	Total	10,307	690.2	7.7	0.7	4.5	2.5
Sub-district	Bihar	23,728.2	4663.2	41.9	5.2	19	17.7
	Gujarat	12,115.2	2415.7	62.9	29.2	26.2	7.5
	Kerala	6526.2	421.2	14.9	3	10.2	1.7
	Total	42,369.7	7500.2	120	37.5	55.5	27
WICs	Bihar	3483.2	303.2	22.2	12.2	8	2
	Gujarat	1036.7	5.75	0.7	0.2	0.5	0
	Kerala	718.5	0	0	0	0	0
	Total	5238.5	309	23	12.5	8.5	2
ILRs	Bihar	28,452.2	5563.2	53.7	5.7	27.5	20.5
	Gujarat	15,702.2	2420.2	63.7	29.2	27	7.5
	Kerala	8582.7	440.2	16.4	3	11.7	1.7
	Total	52,737.2	8423.7	133.4	38	65.7	29.7
Other devices^c	Bihar	1064	3.5	0.9	0.7	0.2	0
Other devices^c	Total	1064	3.5	0.9	0.7	0.2	0
Pooled all levels	Bihar	32,999.5	5870	76.9	18.7	35.7	22.5
	Gujarat	16,739	2426	64.5	29.5	27.5	7.5
	Kerala	9301.2	440.2	16.4	3	11.7	1.7
	Total	59,039.7	8736.2	157.7	51.5	74.5	31.7

WIC Walk-in cooler, ILR Ice lined refrigerator
^a Duration in hours
^b A continuous episode below 0 °C was counted when readings were continuously below 0 °C for at least 45 min or more
^c Other devices (domestic refrigerator and cold boxes) were used for vaccine storage in Bihar only at the time of the study

ISSN: 2055-0936