Table 1 Summary of clinical studies of significance of certain important drugs used for treatment of COVID-19

Gautret et al., France

Single arm trial

All positive cases

HCQ-20, No HCQ- 16

Virological clearance on Day 6–70% in HCQ vs 12.5% in controls (p = 0.001)

[3]

Tang et al., China

Multi-centric open labelled randomized controlled trial

All positive cases

75- HCQ, 75- No HCQ

No difference in virological conversion rate at day28 (p = 0.341). There was no difference in improvement in clinical symptoms at day 10.

[4]

Mahevas et al., France

Multi-centric retrospective study

All positive cases with pneumonia

84-HCQ, 97- no HCQ

No difference in worse clinical outcomes (transfer to ICU within 7 days and/or death) between the two arms (RR- 0.93)

[5]

Magagnoli et al., USA

Retrospective case control study

All positive veterans

HCQ- 97, HCQ + azithromycin- 113, no HCQ- 158

Risk of death was found to be higher in those patients who received HCQ alone compared to no HCQ (p = 0.003)

[6]

Cao et al., China

Randomized open labelled trial

All positive patients with respiratory illness

LPV/r- 99

No LPV/r- 100

Did not show any decrease in time to clinical improvement, mortality or viral load after addition of LPV/r

[7]

Grein et al., Multinational study

Multi-centric single-arm study

Patients with oxygen saturation of less than 94%

No control arm

Improvement in oxygen support class was demonstrated in 68% of the patients

[8]

Roumier et al., France

Case control study

Patients (< 80 years of age) with severe disease who were rapidly deteriorating

Controls matched for age and severity

Lesser ICU admission and requirement of mechanical ventilation when compared to controls (matched for age and severity)

[9]