Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted relative risk ratios for travelling to Germany and UK compared with other treatment destinations as a reference group based on the first trip among patients treated overseas from the United Arab Emirates through Dubai Health Authority during 2009–2016

 0–4 yrs. old

–

–

–

–

 5–12 yrs. old

(0.55, 1.06)

0.103

(0.29, 0.57)

< 0.001

 13–18 yrs. old

(0.70, 1.50)

0.917

(0.31, 0.69)

< 0.001

 19–39 yrs. old

(0.58, 1.05)

0.107

(0.18, 0.32)

< 0.001

 40–54 yrs. old

(0.50, 0.92)

0.013

(0.12, 0.22)

< 0.001

 55–69 yrs. old

(0.43, 0.79)

< 0.001

(0.07, 0.14)

< 0.001

 70+ yrs. old

(0.50, 0.97)

0.031

(0.08, 0.17)

< 0.001

 Female

–

–

 Males

(0.81, 1.03)

0.134

(0.67, 0.91)

0.002

 Summer

–

–

–

–

 Fall

(0.88, 1.22)

0.673

(0.83, 1.25)

0.857

 Winter

(0.57, 0.80)

< 0.001

(0.72, 1.08)

0.234

 Spring

(0.95, 1.32)

0.176

(0.91, 1.37)

0.309

 Orthopedic Surgery

–

–

–

–

 Internal Medicine: Oncology

(0.20, 0.32)

< 0.001

(0.63, 1.22)

0.441

 Neurosurgery

(0.54, 0.86)

< 0.001

(0.38, 0.86)

0.007

 Ophthalmology

(0.06, 0.11)

< 0.001

(0.40, 0.82)

0.002

 Neurology

(0.95, 1.73)

0.111

(1.34, 3.18)

< 0.001

 General Surgery

(0.50, 0.90)

0.008

(1.01, 2.30)

0.047

 Internal Medicine: Cardiology

(0.57, 1.04)

0.090

(1.95, 4.40)

< 0.001

 Obstetrics and Gynecology

(0.39, 0.75)

< 0.001

(1.45, 3.28)

< 0.001

 Unspecified Pediatrics

(0.33, 0.79)

0.002

(0.93, 2.36)

0.094

 Internal Medicine: Gastroenterology

(0.52, 1.03)

0.069

(1.35, 3.37)

< 0.001

 Urology

(0.64, 1.37)

0.729

(1.81, 4.77)

< 0.001

 Internal Medicine: Endocrinology

(0.71, 1.63)

0.731

(2.01, 5.60)

< 0.001

 Internal Medicine: Nephrology

(0.33, 0.71)

< 0.001

(0.43, 1.49)

0.493

 Not Specified Cases

(0.02, 0.07)

< 0.001

(0.17, 0.57)

< 0.001

 Un specified Internal Medicine

(0.24, 0.52)

< 0.001

(0.52, 1.64)

0.782

 Other medical specialties

(0.68, 1.06)

0.139

(1.62, 2.99)

< 0.001