Table 1 Summary of previously reported Zika congenital syndrome fetal ultrasound abnormalities
Gestation at First Abnormal Ultrasound (weeks) | Study Author, Year | Country of Infection | Gestation at Infection | Ultrasound Findings | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Sarno et al., 2016 [11] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly, hydranencephaly, intracranial calcifications, destructive lesions of posterior fossa. Hydrothorax, ascites, subcutaneous edema | Fetal demise at 32 weeks |
19 | Driggers et al., 2016 [12] | Unknown (Guatemala, Mexico or Belize) | 11 weeks | Possible intraventricular haemorrhage, corpus callosum agenesis | TA at 21 weeks |
19 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | First trimester | Severe microcephaly, cerebral hypoplasia | Delivery at 32 weeks |
19.3 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Enlarged subarachnoid space, decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, malformations in cortical development, simplified gyral pattern, hypoplasic corpus callosum | Unknown |
20 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | First trimester | Cystic dilation of the cisterna magna, cortical hyperechogenicity, vermian hypoplasia, pericallosal echogenicity | Delivery at 38 weeks |
21 | Besnard et al., 2016 [15] | French Polynesia | First trimester | Microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, ventriculomegaly, absent corpus callosum, absent cavum septi pellucidi | TA at unknown weeks |
22 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | First trimester | Periventricular hyperechogenicity, irregular ventricular walls, parenchymal and periventricular calcifications | Delivery at 41 weeks |
22 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 9 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal and ocular calcifications, Dandy Walker malformation, arthrogryposis | Fetal demise, CS at 37 weeks |
22 | Besnard et al., 2016 [15] | French Polynesia | First trimester | Microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, ventriculomegaly, absent corpus callosum, absent of cavum septi pellucidi, enlarged pericerebral space | TA at unknown weeks |
24 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 5 weeks | Dandy Walker malformation, fetal growth restriction, arthrogryposis. | Fetal demise, CS 38.3 weeks |
25.3 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Enlarged subarachnoid space, decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, malformations in cortical development, simplified gyral pattern, hypoplasic corpus callosum | NR |
26.5 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Dandy Walker cerebella malformation | NR |
27 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 11 weeks | Microcephaly, ventriculomegaly bilaterally, parenchymal calcifications, increased subarachnoid space | CS delivery of live infant at 38 weeks |
27 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, simplified gyral pattern, hypoplastic corpus callosum | NR |
28 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | Second trimester | Severe ventriculomegaly with irregular ventricular walls, thin hypoplastic corpus callosum | TA at 29 weeks |
28 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 8 weeks | Microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, parenchymal calcification, and oligohydraminios | SVD of live infant at 39 weeks |
28 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 8 weeks | Microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, parenchymal calcifications, cortical atrophy and cerebellar hypoplasia. | SVD of live infant at 39 weeks |
28 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 10 weeks | Microcephaly, left ventriculomegaly, increase cisterna magna. | CS delivery of live infant at 40 weeks |
28.2 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Enlarged subarachnoid space, decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, malformations in cortical development, simplified gyral pattern, hypoplasic corpus callosum | NR |
29 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | Second trimester | Lentostriatal vasculopathy | Delivery at 39 weeks |
29 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 16 weeks | Microcephaly, periventricular calcifications, megacisterna magna, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Thymic and liver calcifications, fetal growth restriction | Stillbirth, labour induced |
29 | Mlakar et al., 2016 [17] | Brazil | 13 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications. Fetal growth restriction, placental calcifications. | TA at 32 weeks |
29.2 | Besnard et al., 2016 [15] | French Polynesia | NR | Microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, placental microcalcifications, ventriculomegaly, occipital pseudo-cyst, absent corpus callosum, absent cavum septi pellucidi, enlarged pericerebral space | TA at unknown weeks |
29.2 | Oliveira Melo et al., 2016 [18] | Brazil | NR | Ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum not visualized, thalami not developed, thin pons and brainstem, non-homogeneous small mass seen at position of basal ganglia, lateral ventricles and fourth ventricle calcifications. Cataracts bilaterally, intraocular calcifications and one eye smaller in size than the other | Unknown |
29.3 | Besnard et al., 2016 [15] | French Polynesia | First trimester | Microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, occipital pseudo-cyst, enlarged pericerebral space | TA at unknown weeks |
30.1 | Oliveira Melo et al., 2016 [18] | Brazil | NR | Brain atrophy, calcifications in frontal lobes including caudate, lentostriatal vessels and cerebellum. Corpus callosal and vermian dysgenesis, enlarged cisterna magna. | Unknown |
31 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 8 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications. | SVD of live infant at 40 weeks |
31 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 9 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications, brain atrophy, cerebellar hypoplasia. Right clubfoot, nuchal skin wrinkling, increase cisterna magna, fetal growth restriction. | CS delivery of live infant at 39 weeks |
31 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | NR | Polyhydramnios, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications. Hepatomegaly, hyperflexion of fingers, and hyperechogenicity of aortic valve, mitral valve and aortic root. | SVD of live infant at 38 weeks |
31 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [13] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, parenchymal calcifications | CS delivery of live infant at 39 weeks |
33 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Enlarged subarachnoid space, decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, dysgenetic corpus callosum | NR |
34.2 | Cortes et al., 2018 [14] | Colombia | NR | Enlarged subarachnoid space, decreased brain volume, ventriculomegaly, malformations in cortical development, simplified gyral pattern, dysgenetic corpus callosum | NR |
35 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications, ventriculomegaly | CS delivery of live infant at 39 weeks |
36 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly. Right clubfoot, fetal growth restriction | Fetal demise, CS at 38 weeks |
36 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 11 weeks | Microcephaly | CS delivery of live infant at 40 weeks |
37 | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | Second trimester | Microcephaly, callosal hypoplasia, gyration anomalies | Delivery at 39 weeks |
37 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 8 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications, left ventriculomegaly | SVD of live infant at 39 weeks |
38 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 10 weeks | Microcephaly, periventricular and parenchymal calcifications, ventriculomegaly. Fetal growth restriction. | CS delivery of live infant at 39 weeks |
38 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | 16 weeks | Microcephaly, parenchymal and periventricular calcifications, left ventriculomegaly. Fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios | CS delivery of live infant at 39 weeks |
38 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly, parenchymal and cerebellar calcifications, ventriculomegaly | SVD of live infant at 39 weeks |
39 | Carvalho et al., 2016 [16] | Brazil | NR | Microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications. | SVD of live infant at 39 weeks |
NR | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | First trimester | Microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, ventriculomegaly with irregular ventricular walls, periventricular hyperechogenicity, callosal hypoplasia with calcifications, parenchymal califications | NR |
NR | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | Second trimester | Parenchymal hyperechogenicity | Fetal demise at 40 weeks |
NR | Pomar et al., 2017 [13] | French Guiana | First trimester | Microcephaly | Fetal demise at 19 weeks |