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Table 3 Differences in self-reported potential risk factors for HCV acquisition between HCV-positive and HCV-negative volunteers in Manshiet Nasser, 2003

From: A cross-sectional household cluster serosurvey of hepatitis C virus antibodies in an urban slum of Cairo, Egypt in 2004

Probable risk factors

Anti-HCV*

 

Positive

Negative

Crude P.R.

Adjustedb

n(%)

n(%)

P.R. (95 % CI.)

n = (180)a

n = (1989)a

Previous surgery

122/180 (68)

966/1989 (49)

2.1

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

Any medical procedure

95/176 (54)

588/1972 (30)

2.6

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

Previous dental work

139/180 (77)

993/1987 (50)

3.2

0.9 (0.7–1.3)

Ever received blood transfusion

23/176 (13)

57/1981 (3)

3.9

2.0 (1.5–2.8)*

Have any tattoos

103/180 (57)

927/1989 (47)

1.5

1.4 (1.1–1.9)**

Share razor blades

10/89 (11)

75/904 (8)

1.3

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

Go to the barber

89/89 (100)

858/893 (96)

N/Ac

N/Ac

Ever have abortion/deliveries

80/82 (97)

410/512 (80)

8.9

3.6 (0.8–16.0)

Received injection >10 injections

130/179 (73)

847/1986 (43)

3.4

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

Reuse of needles for injections

9/170 (5)

42/1681 (2)

2.0

1.0 (0.5–1.7)

Have ear/body piercing

92/180 (51)

1063/1988 (53)

0.9

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

Ever diagnosed of having Schistosomiasis

39/177 (22)

109/1967 (6)

3.8

1.5 (1.1–2.1)***

Have a family member has HCV

32/179 (18)

384/1960 (19)

0.9

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

Individual at work known to have HCV

11/168 (7)

104/1821 (6)

1.1

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

Never sort garbage with gloves

79/83 (95)

534/558 (96)

0.9

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

Ever come across medical waste while sorting

74/83 (89)

489/558 (88)

1.2

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

Ever stuck by any sharp object while sorting

77/83 (93)

494/558 (89)

1.6

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

  1. * p = <.0001
  2. ** p = <0.05
  3. *** p = <0.01
  4. aNumbers may not add up to (n) or (100 %) due to missing answers/eligibility to the question
  5. bAdjusted for age
  6. cNot applicable