Source | N (Intervention: Placebo) | Study Type | PI-IBS inclusion criteria | Intervention (Type, dose, length of intervention, frequency) | Duration of intervention | Outcome(s) | Quality of evidence (modified GRADE [17]) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bafutto et al., 2011 | 61 (18:43) | cohort | Rome III with IBS-D, as reported by patient | - Mesalazine | 30 days | - stool frequency decreased by 1.33 stools/day on average | Moderate |
- 30 days | The study is unclear as to how the randomization and allocation concealment were conducted. | ||||||
- 800 mg | |||||||
- TID | |||||||
- stool form and consistency improved by 2.17 based on the Bristol stool scale (16) | |||||||
Hanevik et al., 2011 | 18 (11:7) | RCT | History of giardiasis 2 years prior and Rome II criteria | - Mesalazine | 6 weeks | - no significant change in symptoms following mesalazine treatment | Low |
- 6 weeks | The study was a pilot study with small sample. It is unclear as to how to randomization and allocation concealment were conducted | ||||||
- 800 mg | |||||||
- BID | |||||||
Tuteja et al., 2012 | 20 (10:10) | RCT | Onset of IBS symptoms in previously asymptomatic individuals after acute gastroenteritis characterized by two or more of: diarrhea, vomiting, fever, as reported by the patient | - Mesalamine | 12 weeks | - no significant change in symptoms following mesalazine treatment | Low |
- 12 weeks | Insufficient sample size | ||||||
- 1.6 g | |||||||
- BID | |||||||
Dizdar et al., 2007 | 34 (15:39) | RCT | Persisting abdominal symptoms 12 months after Giardia infection and Rome II criteria, as reported by Giardia outpatient clinic | - Ondansetron | 2 days | - no significant improvement in symptoms after ondansetron treatment - Significant improvement in post-prandial nausea score before vs after ondanestron treatment (27.47 ± 21.89 vs 41.40 ± 23.04) | Moderate |
- 2 days | Small sample size | ||||||
- 8 mg | |||||||
- QD | |||||||
Dunlop et al., 2003 | 34 (20:14) | RCT | New bowel symptoms in a previously asymptomatic individuals immediately after an acute illness characterized by two or more of: diarrhea, fever, vomiting, positive stool culture, as recorded by the patient or gastroenterology clinic | - Prednisone | 21 days | - No improvement in abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequency or urgency based on a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale | Moderate |
- 21 days | Small sample size | ||||||
- 30 mg | |||||||
- QD | |||||||
Menon et al., 2011 | 25 (15:10) | Retrospective | History of an acute gastroenteritis precipitating chronic diarrhea, as reported in clinic notes and hospital database | - Cholestyramine | Variable (1–15 years) | - decrease in diarrhea frequency of 5.9 stools/day | Low |
- 1–15 years | Retrospective study that only included people with bile acid malabsorption and infectious gastroenteritis. | ||||||
- 8.22 g | |||||||
- QD | |||||||
Niaz et al., 1997 | 16 (16:0) | Retrospective | History of an acute gastroenteritis precipitating chronic diarrhea defined as distinct change in bowel habit with 4–15 loose watery motions per day as reported by the patient | - Cholestyramine | 2 weeks | - decreased stool frequency of 5.1 stools/day | Low |
- 2 weeks | Retrospective study that only included people with bile acid malabsorption and infectious gastroenteritis. | ||||||
- 2–16 g | |||||||
- QD | |||||||
Thakur et al., 2009 | 76 (17:59) | RCT | Rome II criteria and history of gastroenteritis or dysentery as reported by the patient | -Metronidazole | 7 days | - improvement in pain, stool and total symptom scores at days 7 and 28 | Low |
Study was not randomized, and both patient and physician were not blinded. 9 patients were lost to follow-up but it is unclear if they were included in analysis. | |||||||
- 4 weeks | |||||||
- 400 mg | |||||||
- TID | |||||||
- stool symptoms continued to improve between day 7 and 28 even though patients were no longer taking the medication | |||||||
Lifshitz et al., 1990 | 29 (10:19) | RCT | History of chronic diarrhea after an episode of gastroenteritis lasting more than 3 weeks as reported by Pediatric Gastroenterology unit | - Pregestimil | variable | - 9 out of 10 infants had improved clinical symptoms, shorter time to improvement | Moderate |
- 3 – 7 days | Population was limited to infants with lactose intolerance. Inclusion was based on chronic diarrhea, not on established criteria such as Rome criteria. | ||||||
- 1500 mL/kg | |||||||
- Daily to provide 70 kcal/kg |