Table 4 Severely immunocompromised travellers

Severe (N = 48)

Primary Immunodeficiency [19]

Combined Variable Immune Deficiency

NA

1

4

CD4/CD8 idiopathic lymphocytopenia

1

Undefined primary immune deficiency

1

CD4 T lymphocyte deficiency

1

Malignancy

Haematological Cancer

Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: POEMS Syndrome (Castleman Variant)

HSCT < 24 months [7]

1

20

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: High grade relapsed follicular lymphoma

1

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

2

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

2

ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)

1

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

HSCT > 24 months plus GVHD [18]

1

ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)

1

ALL (Acute lymphoid leukaemia)

< 24 months after CAR-T therapy, IT MTX low dose [7]

1

Non-Hodgkin’s (Follicular lymphoma)

Rituximab (Anti CD20) [18, 19]

3

Non-Hodgkin’s (MALT-lymphoma)

1

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

IT MTX (low dose) [18]

1

Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder: Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia [18]

Nilotinib (BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor) [7, 51]

1

Chronic Lymphoproliferative disorder: CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) [18]

NA

1

Non-Hodgkin’s: T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Maintenance vincristine, methotrexate > 25 mg weekly, mercaptopurine > 1.5 mg/Kg/day [26]

1

Myeloproliferative disease: Waldenström macroglobulinaemia [18]

NA

1

Myeloproliferative neoplasm Polycythaemia rubra vera

Peginterferon alfa-2a [52]

1

Immune Modulated Conditions on significant dose immunosuppression

SOT

Renal transplant

Tacrolimus, sirolimus [7]

2

22

Rheumatological Conditions

Rheumatoid arthritis

TNF inhibitors [19]

2

Juvenile arthritis

3

Sacroiliitis

1

Enthesitis related arthritis/uveitis

1

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rituximab < 6 months [19]

1

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome

MMF > 1 g a day [7]

1

SRP-positive polymyositis

MMF/calcineurin inhibitors/steroids [7]

1

Juvenile Arthritis

Co-stimulation modulator Abatacept [51]

1

Rheumatoid arthritis

Anti-IL-6 agent tocilizumab [7]

1

Psoriatic arthritis

High dose steroids [18, 19]

1

Neurological

Multiple sclerosis

1

α4-integrin inhibitor natalizumab [7, 53]

2

Fingolimod [7]

1

Gastroenterological

Crohn’s disease

IL-12,IL-23 pathway inhibitor ustekinumab [7, 53]

1

Vedolizumab, azathioprine < 3 mg/Kg/day [53, 54]

1

Ophthalmological

Chorioretinitis (clinically active)

MMF > 1 g/day [7]

1

Thymic Dysfunction

Myasthenia Gravis

Thymectomy [55]

2

2